Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1777

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Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1777–79 ：ウィキペディア英語版

Military career of Benedict Arnold, 1777–79

The military career of Benedict Arnold from 1777 to 1779 was marked by two important events in his career. In July 1777, Arnold was assigned to the Continental Army's Northern Department, where he played pivotal roles in bringing about the failure of British Brigadier Barry St. Leger's siege of Fort Stanwix and the American success in the battles of Saratoga, which fundamentally altered the course of the war.
After convalescing following the significant injuries to his leg sustained at Saratoga, Arnold was given military command of Philadelphia after the British withdrawal in 1778. There Arnold became embroiled in political and legal wrangling with enemies in Congress, the army, and the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia governments that undoubtedly contributed to his decision to change sides. In 1779 he began secret negotiations with the British that culminated in a plot to surrender West Point. The plot was exposed in September 1780, following which Arnold fled to British-occupied New York City.
==Background==
Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 family in the port city of Norwich in the British colony of Connecticut.〔Brandt (1994), p. 4–6〕 He was interested in military affairs from an early age, serving briefly (without seeing action) in the colonial militia during the French and Indian War in 1757.〔Flexner (1953), p. 8〕 He embarked on a career as a businessman, first opening a shop in New Haven, and then engaging in overseas trade. He owned and operated ships, sailing to the West Indies, New France and Europe.〔Flexner (1953), p. 13〕 When the British Parliament began to impose taxes on its colonies, Arnold's businesses began to be affected by them, and he eventually joined the opposition to those measures.〔Randall (1990), p. 49–53〕 In 1767 he married a local woman, with whom he had three children, one of whom died in infancy.〔Brandt (1994), p. 14〕〔Randall (1990), p. 62〕 She died in 1775, and Arnold left his children under the care of his sister Hannah at his home in New Haven.〔

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